Wertebasierter Realismus
Mark Carney und Alexander Stubb, die Premierminister von Kanada und Finnland, schreiben im Economist:
The work ahead requires neither wishful multilateralism, which only defends the status quo, nor cold realpolitik that dismantles it altogether. The alternative is values-based realism. A new approach that is both principled and pragmatic. Principled in its commitment to fundamental values of freedom, human rights, sustainability and solidarity. Pragmatic in recognising that not every partner will share all of our values. Put simply, we must form calibrated alliances, integrating deeply with those countries that share our values, and remain open-eyed with those that do not.
At its core, this means actively taking on the world as it is, not passively waiting for a world we wish to be. It means engaging with the reality that progress is incremental and that interests diverge. It requires recognising the inevitable differences between our countries and others, and then focusing our efforts to work together where we are aligned and where we can make the greatest impact. Progress can be signalled through monologue, but it will be achieved only through dialogue.
Another reality is that the world is moving from a more multilateral stance to a more multipolar one. Multilateral order, despite its shortcomings, is governed by co-operation and a clear set of rules and norms. A multipolar world, conversely, is one characterised by deals, transactions and chaos. Yet instead of a binary choice between multilateral and multipolar, there is another scenario, one that revolves around plurilateralism. We must strive for a revival of multilateralism with better representation and reformed institutions. At the same time, we should develop plurilateral arrangements.
This approach, a form of variable geometry, will build a dense web of connections—ad hoc coalitions that work, issue by issue. In many cases it will be most effective when dealing with countries with which we disagree on many issues but share enough common ground to act on some. Dynamic, purpose-built coalitions will be increasingly formed around shared interests, rather than a single shared institution. The coalition of the willing now planning Ukraine’s post-war security has become a premier forum for like-minded nations and NATO to co-ordinate efforts. The European Union’s instruments, including the SAFE pact, enable partners to cut through bureaucracy and to build and partner on defence capabilities, at speed. The G7’s critical-minerals alliance is securing and diversifying the supply chains on which every modern economy depends. In AI we could build coalitions to enhance safety and accessibility by leveraging our expertise and capabilities in critical areas such as quantum computing and energy. The question is no longer whether to partner, but how fast we can build successful coalitions that scale across every region.